Comment on 'An evaluation of copper biosorption by a brown seaweed under optimized conditions' by Antunes, W.M., Luna, A.S., Henriques, C.A. and da Costa, A.C.A. Yuh-Shan Ho
In a recent publication by Antunes et al. (2003), and on section Kinetic modeling, the authors presented a pseudo first-order Lagergren model and a pseudo-second order model to describe the kinetic of copper biosorption by a brown seaweed by using Eqs. (7) to (10) without any citations. In fact, it is Lagergren (1898) who first presented the first order rate equation for the adsorption of ocalic acid and malonic acid onto charcoal. Lagergren's kinetics equation has been most widely used for the adsorption of an adsorbate from an aqueous solution. In order to distinguish kinetics equation based on adsorption capacity of solid from concentration of solution, Lagergren's first order rate equation has been called pseudo-first order since 1998 (Ho and McKay, 1998b; Ho and McKay, 1998c; Ho and McKay, 1998d; Ho and McKay, 1998e). In addition, citation review of Lagergren kinetic rate equation on adsorption reactions has been presented (Ho, 2004a). The correct reference style citing the original Lagergren's paper was first presented by Ho et al. in 1998. That is 'Lagergren, S. (1898), Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption gelöster stoffe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens. Handlingar, Band 24, No. 4, 1-39.' Its English translated style is 'Lagergren, S. (1898), About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substances. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens. Handlingar, Band 24, No. 4, 1-39' and the abbreviation style is 'Lagergren, S. (1898), Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption gelöster stoffe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens. Handlingar, Band 24, No. 4, 1-39'. The second-order kinetic expression for the adsorption systems of divalent metal ions using sphagnum moss peat has been reported by Ho (1995). Again to distinguish kinetics equation based on adsorption capacity of solid from concentration of solution, Ho's second-order rate equation has been called pseudo-second order. The earlier application of the pseudo-second order equation to the kinetic studies of competitive heavy metal adsorption by sphagnum moss peat was undertaken by Ho et al. (1996). The modified model has also been reported in following years. The most cited related papers were published in Chemical Engineering Journal (Ho and McKay, 1998a), Water Research (Ho and McKay, 2000) Process Biochemistry (Ho and McKay, 1999e), and Process Safety and Environmental Protection (Ho and McKay, 1998b). In addition, similar cases occurred and has been acknowledge in Adsorption Science and Technology (Ho, 2002), Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (Ho, 2003b; Ho, 2004b), Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Ho, 2003c), Biochemical Engineering Journal (Ho, 2003a), and Bioresource Technology (Ho, 2004c). The pseudo-second order rate expression of Ho has been applied to the adsorption of metal ions, dyes, organic substances, and oil from aqueous solutions (Table 1). Moreover, discussion of the reaction order has been reported such as the comparison of chemisorption kinetic models (Ho and McKay, 1998e) and pseudo-second order model (Ho and McKay, 1999e). Furthermore, Ho's kinetic expression has also been applied to a multi-stage batch adsorption design (Ho and McKay, 1998f; 1999b) and pseudo-isotherm studies (Ho and Wang, 2004). Numerous applications of Ho's kinetic expression have been reported in recent years. A list of pseudo-second order systems is given in Table 1. A research paper's contribution exists not only in its originality and creativity but also in its continuity and development for research that follows. The reference section can play a key role to researchers who are interested in a paper's statement or who would like to follow the study or find useful information from the paper (Ho, 2004a). I suggest that Ho's original pseudo-second order kinetic expression paper should be cited by Antunes et al. (2003). Table 1. Pseudo-second order kinetic model of various related systems from the literature.
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